FUELS AND ENERGY _ CHEMISTRY

               

 QUESTIONS.

1. Choose the most correct answer from the alternative given.

  (i) Energy that does not replaced within short period of time.

   A: Solar energy   B: Renewable energy   C: Non-renewable energy  D: Hydro electric power.

 (ii) Is formed as a result of fermentation of dead organic matter

   A: Hydro electric power.

   B: Solar energy

   C: Heat energy

   D: Bio gas

 (iii) Radiant energy from the star.

        A: Wind energy

        B: Solar energy

        C: Light energy

        D: Heat energy

 (iv) The ratio between energy produced to the mass of fuel used.

     A: Energy efficient

     B: Energy value

     C: Fuel efficient

     D: Fuel value

 (v) An example of natural fuel.

   A: Coal    B: Kerosene    C: Paper   D: Plastic

 (vi) Is a fuel that exists as solid substance.

   A: Coal   B: Petrol   C: Water gas   D: Gas producer.

(vii) A good fuel must have _________ ignition point.

  A: Low   B: Rapid   C: Average  D: High

(viii) _______ is a fuel which made from woody materials.

  A: Coal  B: Charcoal   C: Gas  D: Petrol

 (ix) The energy that possessed by the body due to its  motion.

     A: Kinetic energy

     B: Potential energy

     C: Mechanical energy

     D: Chemical energy

 (x) _________ is an example of potential energy.

    A: Thermal energy

    B: Electrical energy

    C: Chemical energy

    D: Sound energy

2. Match items in list A with responses in list B

    List  A

(i) The temperature that reached to burn fuel.

(ii) Used for cooking, boiling and ironing

(iii) Used for running industrial plants, cars, planes and ships.

(iv) The source of all energy on the earth

(v) Artificial fuels

(vi) Natural fuels

(vii) Gaseous fuels

(viii) Convert solar energy into heat energy.

(ix) Energy transformation.

(x) Energy conservation.

    List B

A: kerosene,petrol and diesel

B: solar energy and wind energy

C: nuclear energy, natural gas, kerosene and coal.

D: changing mechanical energy into electrical energy.

E: kerosene, charcoal and natural gas.

F: Ignition point

G: wood, charcoal and coal

F: Maintaining energy such that it is not lost.

H: Solar cooker

I: Sun

J: water gas and bio gas

K: Petrol and diesel

L: Wood, coal and natural gas

3. Outline ways of harvesting solar energy.

4. Mention three components of coal.

5. What are the environmental effects of using firewood and charcoal as fuels?

6. List down the qualities of good charcoal.

7.(i)Define the following terms.

    (a) Fuel

    (b) Energy

    (c) Bio gas

    (d) renewable energy

    (e) non-renewable energy

 (ii) Mention examples of renewable energy resources and non-renewable energy resources.

8. (a) State the principle of conservation of energy.

    (b) Explain the forms in which energy exists.

9. Classify fuels according to:-

    (a) physical state

    (b) occurrence.

10. Mention the factors that considered when choosing a  good(efficient) fuel.

11. What are the uses of fuels?

    ANSWERS.

1. (i) C           vi) A

    (ii) D         vii) C

   (iii) B         viii) B

   (iv) B           ix) A

    (v) A           x) C

2. (i) F            vi) L

    (ii) G          vii) J

   (iii) K         viii) H

   (iv) I            ix) D

    (v) A           x) F

3. Ways used to tap/harvest solar energy

i. Using photovoltaic for generating electricity (photoelectric solar cells)

ii. Using concentrated

solar power for generating electricity

iii.Using parabolic

mirror that focus the suns to a central

position for heating and cooking.

iv. Using solar chimney for heating and cooling.

NB:

The energy from the sun is the sources of all energy on the earth

4. Components of coal include.

     -moisture

     -volatile matter

     - ash

     -coke

5. Environmental effects on using charcoal and

firewood

Uses of charcoal and firewood cause

i. Deforestation (cutting down tree)

ii. Drought

iii. Floods

iv.Disease

Deforestation

Cutting down tree cause land unprotected

from soil erosion

Drought

Deforestation result disturb water cycle

which can cause drought and final famine

Floods

Increase in carbon dioxide tend to increase

global warming which results high

temperature than normal which can cause

rains or melts ice in ice lands and final floods

Disease

Flood always water may contaminate and

when people uses can affected and final

cause disease.

6. The following are qualities of good charcoal.

    -It should be porous

    -It should be brittle

    -It should retain the woody shape

7. (i) (a) Fuel.

          Is any combustible substance that when burn produces energy.

   NB.

       The energy produces is in forms of heat and light.

   (b) Energy

         Is the ability of the body or system to do work.

   (c) Bio gas

           is a gaseous fuel, especially

methane, produced by the fermentation of organic matter.

   (d) Renewable energy

         Is the energy which is continuously being replaced  within short period of time.

   (e) Non-renewable energy

            Is the energy which is continuously cannot replaced  within short period of time.

  (ii)  -Examples of renewable energy resources are

      •solar energy

      •wind energy

         -Examples of non-renewable energy resources are

        •wood

        •kerosene

        •gas

        •petrol

8. (a) Principle of conservation of energy states that "Energy can neither be created nor destroyed but it can be changed from one form to another"

   (b) Forms in which energy exists.

         Energy exists in two forms which are.

       (i)Potential energy.

               This is the energy in matter due to its position. For example Chemical energy and elastic potential energy.

      (ii) Kinetic energy.

      This is the energy in matter due to its motion. For example sound energy, radiant energy and heat energy.

9.(a) Types of fuel according to their physical state.

     (i) Solid fuels.

           These are fuels which exist as solid substances. For example wood and coal and charcoal.

   (ii) Liquid fuels.

          These are fuels which exist as liquid substances. For example kerosene, petrol and diesel.

  (iii) Gaseous fuels.

          These are fuels which exist as gaseous substances. For example Natural gas.

 (b) Types of fuels according to their occurrence.

    (i) Natural(primary) fuels.

          Are fuels that exist naturally. For example natural gas, wood and coal.

  (ii) Artificial(secondary) fuels

         Are fuels which manufactured or derived from primary fuels.

10. The following are some factors which considered when choosing a good fuel.(characteristics of a good fuel)

   -Energy value.

       A good fuel should have high energy value.

   -Velocity of combustion.

     A good fuel should burn with a moderate rate.

   -Ignition point.

     A good fuel should have an average ignition point.

    - Content of on-combustible materials.

     A good fuel should have low content of non-combustible materials.

    -Poisonous products.

     A good fuel should not produce poisonous product during combustion.

   -Availability

    Good fuel should be available in large quantity.

   -Affordability.

     Good fuel should be affordable to most people.

   -It must be easily transported

11. The following are uses of fuels.

     -Used to run automobiles and industrial machines.

    -Used for cooking, heating and boiling

    -Used for ironing